Little Rock Central High School Integration
Background:
The desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, gained national attention on September 3, 1957, when Governor Orval Faubus mobilized the Arkansas National Guard in an effort to prevent nine African American students from integrating the high school. After several failed attempts to negotiate with Faubus, President Dwight D. Eisenhower took action against the defiant governor by simultaneously federalizing the Arkansas National Guard, removing the Guard from Faubus' control, and ordering one thousand troops from the United States Army 101st Airborne Division in Ft. Campbell, Kentucky to oversee the integration. On September 25, 1957 the students, now known as the Little Rock Nine, entered Central High School, an academically renowned school with an enrollment of approximately two thousand white students. Despite suffering constant torment and discrimination from their classmates, eight of the nine students completed the school year at Central High School.
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Archival Collections and Reference Resources
- Baldy Editorial Cartoons, 1946-1982, 1997: Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoons at the Richard B. Russell Library. (Digital Library of Georgia)
- --And having writ-- moves on-- / Baldy, 1959 Aug. 13 [i.e., 12] (Editorial cartoons)
- Johnny can read / Baldy, 1958 Nov. 20. (Editorial cartoons)
- Slow train through Arkansas / Baldy, 1957 Sept. 5 (Editorial cartoons)
- The spotlight shifts at Little Rock / Baldy, 1957 Oct. 1 [i.e., 1958 Aug. 24]. (Editorial cartoons)
- --We can all work together-- like we did with Orval Faubus! / Baldy, 1962 July 19 (Editorial cartoons)
- Butler Center for Arkansas Studies Oral History Collections (Butler Center for Arkansas Studies)
- Chris Barrier Interview 10/15/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- Ella Mae Rawlings interview audio clip 24 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Ellen Turner Carpenter interview audio clip 27 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Emily Trantham Interview 07/24/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- Estella Anderson Interview 07/26/2011 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- Eugene Porter interview audio clip 22 (Oral histories (document genres))
- H. F. Brown Interview 10/15/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- Howard Woods interview audio clip 06 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Howard Woods interview audio clip 07 (Oral histories (document genres))
- James Major interview audio clip 02 (Oral histories (document genres))
- James Major interview audio clip 21 (Oral histories (document genres))
- James Major interview audio clip 29 (Oral histories (document genres))
- James Mitchell Interview 07/24/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- Janet Cobb interview audio clip 02 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Janet Hale Interview 07/24/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- John Cain interview audio clip 03 (Oral histories (document genres))
- John Cain interview audio clip 04 (Oral histories (document genres))
- John E. Bush IV interview audio clip 22 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Johnnie Tyson interview audio clip 09 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Kathryn Fitzhugh interview audio clip 08 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Lawrence Hamilton interview audio clip 14 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Leroy James interview audio clip 08 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Leroy James interview audio clip 12 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Leroy James interview audio clip 17 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Leroy James interview audio clip 18 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Linda Kaufenberg Interview 07/24/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- Manuel Twillie interview audio clip 13 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Manuel Twillie interview audio clip 18 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Marilyn Slayton Interview 07/24/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- Martha Cornish Interview 07/24/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- Mary and Leonard Scott Interview 07/24/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- Mary Bell interview audio clip 11 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Mary Bell interview audio clip 19 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Mildred Smith audio clip 27 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Pat Carr interview audio clip 08 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Patrick O'Connor Interview 07/24/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- Raymond Ward Interview 07/24/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- Robert Brown Interview 10/15/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- Sal Bonner interview audio clip 10 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Sal Bonner interview audio clip 11 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Sal Bonner interview audio clip 28 (Oral histories (document genres))
- Wayland Holyfield Interview 07/24/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- William Bozarth Interview 07/24/2010 audio (Oral histories (document genres))
- Edwin Dalstrom Papers (University of Memphis. Special Collections Dept.)
- Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture (Richard C. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies)
- Aaron v. Cooper (articles)
- Arkansas Council on Human Relations (ACHR) (Articles)
- Bennett, Bruce (Articles)
- Daisy Lee Gatson Bates (Articles)
- Desegregation of Central High School (Articles)
- Green, Ernest Gideon (Articles)
- Harry Scott Ashmore (1916-1998) (Articles)
- Hays, Lawrence Brooks (Articles)
- Henley, Jesse Smith (Articles)
- Lamb, Theodore Lafayette, 1927-1984 (Articles)
- The lost year (Articles)
- Panel of American Women (Articles)
- Trickey, Minnijean Brown (Articles)
- Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools (WEC) (Articles)
- March on Milwaukee: Civil Rights History Project (Golda Meir Library (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries))
- Mildred Grossman collection (Albin O. Kuhn Library and Gallery (University of Maryland, Baltimore County))
- [The audience at the Local 6 Civil Rights Award Ceremony, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Audio tour of the UN Headquarters, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Betty Bentz presents Elizabeth Eckford, Minnijean Brown, Melba Beals, and Carlotta Walls with the Local 6 Civil Rights Award, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Carlotta Walls and Minnijean Brown talk on the subway, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Carlotta Walls on the subway, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Carlotta Walls on the water overlooking the Statue of Liberty, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Carlotta Walls rides the bumper cars, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Elizabeth Eckford, Scotty Eckford, and Charles Lewis, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Gloria, Minnijean, and Melba on amusement ride, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Gloria Ray and others at the UN Headquarters, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Gloria Ray at the UN Gift Shoppe, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Gloria Ray mingles at the UN Headquarters, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Gloria Ray on amusement ride at Coney Island, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Gloria Ray talks to colleagues the UN Headquarters, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [James Marley, Governor Averell Harriman, and Ernest Green, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [James Marley presents Daisy L. Bates with the Local 6 Civil Rights Award, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Jefferson Thomas at Coney Island, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [The Little Rock Nine and friends at the Statue of Liberty, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [The Little Rock Nine arriving at La Guardia Airport, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [The Little Rock Nine at the Statue of Liberty, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine having lunch at the UN Headquarters, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [The Little Rock Nine on the set of the musical Jamaica, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [The Little Rock Nine on their way to the Local 6 Civil Rights Award Ceremony, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students and Mayor Robert F. Wagner, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students and others listen to Daisy Bates at the Local 6 Civil Rights Award Ceremony, New York, New York, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students at auditorium, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students at City Hall with Mayor Wagner and others, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students dining at the UN, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students disembark at La Guardia Airport, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students driving the bumper cars, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students greeted by reporters and union officials at La Guardia Airport, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students looking at a model of the UN Headquarters, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students on amusement park ride, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students on the bumper cars, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students signing the guest register at the Statue of Liberty, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students sitting in a courtyard, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students talking to reporters in City Hall, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students walking in the city, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock Nine students with a tour guide at the UN Headquarters, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [The Little Rock Nine Visiting the Statue of Liberty, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [The Little Rock Nine with Daisy Bates, Earl Brown, Governor Averell Harriman, and Jay Rubin, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [The Little Rock Nine with Governor Averell Harriman and union leaders, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock student Jefferson Thomas rides the subway, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Little Rock students visit Mayor Robert F. Wagner and colleagues at City Hall, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Looking out at the city, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Melba Beals and friends ride the bumper cars, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Minnijean and Carlotta drive the bumper cars at Coney Island, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Minnijean Brown and members of the New York Hotel Trades Council, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Minnijean Brown and union officials at La Guardia Airport, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Minnijean Brown gets emotional greeting, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [A reporter interviews Little Rock Nine students after their arrival at La Guardia Airport, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Reporters await the honorees of the Local 6 Civil Rights Award Ceremony, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Roller coaster ride, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Some Little Rock Nine students resting beneath the Statue of Liberty, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Talking outside the UN Headquarters, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- [Thelma and Elizabeth look out the window, New York, NY, 1958] (Black-and-white photographs)
- Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement (Documenting the American South (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill))
- Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century Information: Dwight D. Eisenhower (Dwight D. Eisenhower Library)
- Diary notes dictated by President Eisenhower regarding visit with Governor Faubus (Diaries)
- Letter from President Eisenhower to General Gruenther (Letters (correspondence))
- Letter from President Eisenhower to Senator Richard B. Russell (Letters (correspondence))
- Memorandum of telephone call (Texts (document genres))
- Memorandum of telephone call between President Eisenhower and Attorney General (Memorandums)
- Notes by President Eisenhower on decision to send federal troops to Little Rock (Notes)
- Photograph of Governor Faubus following a conference on Central High School integration crisis (Black-and-white photographs)
- Photograph of President Eisenhower addressing the nation concerning the school integration crisis in Little Rock (Black-and-white photographs)
- Photograph of President Eisenhower addressing the nation concerning the school integration crisis in Little Rock (Black-and-white photographs)
- Photograph of President Eisenhower addressing the nation concerning the school integration crisis in Little Rock (Black-and-white photographs)
- Photograph of President Eisenhower, Orval E. Faubus and L. Brooks Hays (Black-and-white photographs)
- Photograph of President Eisenhower, White House Press Secretary James Hagerty, and Captain Evan P. Aurand leaving Newport to return to Washington, D.C. (Black-and-white photographs)
- Presidential appointment book (Appointment books)
- Press release of the address by President Eisenhower (Press releases)
- Press release regarding Executive Order 10730, Providing assistance for the removal of an obstruction of justice within the state of Arkansas (Press releases)
- Press release regarding Little Rock situation (Press releases)
- Press release regarding Little Rock situation (Press releases)
- Press release regarding Little Rock situation (Press releases)
- Press release regarding obstruction of justice in the state of Arkansas (Press releases)
- Press release regarding telegram sent to Governor Faubus (Press releases)
- Recording of a radio address by President Eisenhower (Sound recordings)
- Recording of press conference by President Eisenhower (Sound recordings)
- Situation report No. 233 (Reports)
- Telegram from Georgia Senator Richard B. Russell to President Eisenhower (Telegrams)
- Telegram from Governor Faubus to President Eisenhower (Telegrams)
- Telegram from Mayor of Little Rock, Woodrow Mann, to President Eisenhower (Telegrams)
- Telegram from Mayor of Little Rock, Woodrow Mann, to President Eisenhower (Telegrams)
- Telegram from parents of nine African-American students to President Eisenhower (Telegrams)
- Voices of Civil Rights (Library of Congress)
- Wisconsin Historical Images (Wisconsin Historical Society)
- With an Even Hand: Brown vs. Board at Fifty (Library of Congress)
- WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection (Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection)
- Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of comments regarding integration of education in Georgia by Board of Regents member Roy V. Harris and House of Representatives members Frank Twitty and A'Delbert Bowen in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January (Moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American students--the "Little Rock Nine"--integrating Central High School and white students burning an effigy in protest in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 October 3 (moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American students--the "Little Rock Nine"--integrating Central High School and white students burning an effigy in protest in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 October 3 (news)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of comments regarding integration of education in Georgia by Board of Regents member Roy V. Harris and House of Representatives members Frank Twitty and A'Delbert Bowen in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January (news)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Marvin Griffin pledging to maintain segregated schools in Georgia and condemning the presence of federal troops enforcing integration by the "Little Rock Nine" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas from a conference held in Sea Island, Georgia, 1957 September 23 (news)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Marvin Griffin pledging to maintain segregated schools in Georgia and condemning the presence of federal troops enforcing integration by the "Little Rock Nine" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas from a conference held in Sea Island, Georgia, 1957 September 23 (Moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Orval Faubus claiming that Arkansas is a territory occupied by the United States in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 26 (Moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Orval Faubus claiming that Arkansas is a territory occupied by the United States in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 26 (news)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of police holding back white rioters protesting integration by the "Little Rock Nine" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 23 (moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of police holding back white rioters protesting integration by the "Little Rock Nine" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 23 (news)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of president Dwight D. Eisenhower making a public statement about the school integration crisis at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas from the White House in Washington, D.C., 1957 September 24 (news)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of president Dwight D. Eisenhower making a public statement about the school integration crisis at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas from the White House in Washington, D.C., 1957 September 24 (Moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporters interviewing students who leave school to protest integration by the "Little Rock Nine" at Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 25 (Moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporters interviewing students who leave school to protest integration by the "Little Rock Nine" at Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 25 (news)