University of Alabama Integration
Background:
On May 16, 1963, a federal district court in Alabama ordered the University of Alabama to admit African American students Vivien Malone and James Hood during its summer session. The court's decision virtually ensured a showdown between federal authorities and Alabama Governor George Wallace who had made a campaign promise a year earlier to prevent the school's integration even if it required that he stand in the schoolhouse door. Despite receiving a federal court injunction barring such a move, Wallace fulfilled his campaign pledge on June 11, when he temporarily blocked the students' entrance by positioning himself before the doorway of Foster Auditorium. Although he ultimately yielded when President Kennedy federalized Alabama's National Guard, the incident earned Wallace a nationwide reputation for white resistance.
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Archival Collections and Reference Resources
- Alabama Photographs and Pictures Collection (Alabama Department of Archives and History)
- Crowd listening to Wallace outside Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Federal marshals at Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- General Henry V. Graham walking to Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- George Wallace with a man and woman at Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Governor George Wallace in state trooper car, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Governor George Wallace speaking in front of Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Governor George Wallace walking to Foster Auditorium. (Photographs)
- James Hood and others walking to Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Law enforcement officers and media, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Man and a state trooper at the University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Man and woman in the press room at University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Man beside public telephone sign, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Men walking to Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Motorcycle troopers drive down street on the University of Alabama campus. (Photographs)
- National Guardsman outside building, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Outside Foster Auditorium, double exposed shot (Photographs)
- Partially barricaded street at University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- People outside Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- People sitting on the ground outside Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- The press at Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- The press, law enforcement officers, and others outside Foster Auditorium waiting for Governor George Wallace. (Photographs)
- Reporter sitting at typewriter inside press room, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Reporters at typewriters inside the press room, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Reporters surround Vivian Malone and James Hood in front of Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Sign: "U of A Students Main Campus Closed Go to Northington Campus Gym for Identification." (Photographs)
- State trooper at Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- State troopers behind barricade with "street closed" sign, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. (Photographs)
- State troopers on the University of Alabama campus. (Photographs)
- Three men walking to Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Troopers in front of Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Troopers with a car near Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Vivian Malone and James Hood taking questions at Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Vivian Malone arriving at Foster Auditorium. (Photographs)
- Vivian Malone in car (mostly blocked by thumb). (Photographs)
- Vivian Malone, James Hood and others in front of Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Vivian Malone leaving Foster Auditorium at the University of Alabama after registering for classes. (Photographs)
- Vivian Malone, speaking into a microphone, and James Hood in front of Foster Auditorium. (Photographs)
- Wallace speaking in front of Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Woman outside Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Photographs)
- Encyclopedia of Alabama (Encyclopedia of Alabama)
- Freedom summer digital collection (Wisconsin Historical Society)
- University of Alabama Integration Photographs (Alabama Department of Archives and History)
- Crowd listening to Wallace outside Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Photographs)
- Federal marshals at Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Photographs)
- General Henry V. Graham walking to Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Color photographs)
- George Wallace with a man and woman at Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Black-and-white photographs)
- Governor George Wallace in state trooper car, University of Alabama (Photographs)
- Governor George Wallace speaking in front of Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Black-and-white photographs)
- Governor George Wallace walking to Foster Auditorium (Photographs)
- James Hood and others walking to Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Photographs)
- Law enforcement officers and media, University of Alabama (Black-and-white photographs)
- Man and a state trooper at the University of Alabama (Color photographs)
- Man and woman in the press room at University of Alabama (Photographs)
- Man beside public telephone sign, University of Alabama (Black-and-white photographs)
- Men walking to Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Photographs)
- Motorcycle troopers drive down street on the University of Alabama campus (Black-and-white photographs)
- National Guardsman outside building, University of Alabama (Photographs)
- Outside Foster Auditorium, double exposed shot (Photographs)
- Parked cars on street on the University of Alabama campus (Black-and-white photographs)
- Partially barricaded street at University of Alabama (Color photographs)
- People outside Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Color photographs)
- People sitting on the ground outside Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Photographs)
- The press at Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama. (Black-and-white photographs)
- The press, law enforcement officers, and others outside Foster Auditorium waiting for Governor George Wallace (Black-and-white photographs)
- Reporter sitting at typewriter inside press room, University of Alabama (Black-and-white photographs)
- Reporters at typewriters inside the press room, University of Alabama (Black-and-white photographs)
- Reporters surround Vivian Malone and James Hood in front of Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Color photographs)
- Sign: "U of A Students Main Campus Closed Go to Northington Campus Gym for Identification." (Color photographs)
- State trooper at Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Black-and-white photographs)
- State troopers behind barricade with "street closed" sign, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (Color photographs)
- State troopers on the University of Alabama campus (Photographs)
- Three men walking to Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Photographs)
- Troopers in front of Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Black-and-white photographs)
- Troopers with a car near Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Black-and-white photographs)
- U.S. Army jeep with soldiers, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (Color photographs)
- Vivian Malone and James Hood taking questions at Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Color photographs)
- Vivian Malone arriving at Foster Auditorium (Color photographs)
- Vivian Malone in car (mostly blocked by thumb) (Color photographs)
- Vivian Malone, James Hood and others in front of Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Color photographs)
- Vivian Malone, speaking into a microphone, and James Hood in front of Foster Auditorium (Color photographs)
- Vivian Malone walking to Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Color photographs)
- Wallace speaking in front of Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Black-and-white photographs)
- Woman outside Foster Auditorium, University of Alabama (Black-and-white photographs)
- Voices of Civil Rights (Library of Congress)
- With an Even Hand: Brown vs. Board at Fifty (Library of Congress)
- WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection (Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American students Vivian Malone and James Hood after registering for classes at the formerly segregated University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 1963 June 11 (Moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American students Vivian Malone and James Hood after registering for classes at the formerly segregated University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 1963 June 11 (news)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Alabama governor Georgia C. Wallace standing in the doorway to prevent registration of African American students at the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 1963 June 11 (Moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Alabama governor Georgia C. Wallace standing in the doorway to prevent registration of African American students at the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 1963 June 11 (news)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Eugene "Bull" Connor addressing a White Citizens' Council rally and preparation for the University of Alabama integration in Holt, Alabama, and Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 1963 June 7 (news)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Eugene "Bull" Connor addressing a White Citizens' Council rally and preparation for the University of Alabama integration in Holt, Alabama, and Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 1963 June 7 (moving images)